1. Exposition: 
    Explaining, describing and narrating
  2. Questioning: 
    • Distributing and directing questions; probing (follow up) and prompting questions; 
    • Recall questions; Clarifying, analytic, creative and evaluative questions; 
    • Styles of questioning
      • Listening: Identifying main points; Identifying links to other aspects of topics; Identifying implications and identifying flaws
      • Reinforcing: Praise; encouragement; neutrality; silence and discouragement
      • Reacting: Echoing statements made, paraphrasing using trainee's ideas to build on; 
      • Evaluating the trainee's ideas; 
      • Raising problems that arise from those ideas; 
      • Moving the discussion on
  3. Summarising: 
    • Summarising main views, processes used or points made; 
    • Pointing to the links within the discussion and between the topic discussed and other topics
  4. Preparing: 
    • Identifying crucial questions, useful problems or cases; (content) 
    • Specifying aims of the session; 
    • Choosing appropriate method; 
    • Assessing approaches(es) used
    Preparing: 
    1. Preparing trainee to discuss; 
    2. Pre-session preparation; (trainee) 
    3. Providing practice in discussion
  5. Group process: 
    • Identifying patterns of interaction; 
    • Interring feelings and attitudes from observable behaviour - assessing those inferences; 
    • Identifying shifts in perception, attitudes and feelings; 
    • Identifying and modifying trainee and group norms
  6. Leadership: 
    1. Creating and maintaining the relationship; 
    2. Choosing appropriate skills and strategies