Asthma is a common disease affecting about 5% of the population and is characterised by being a reversible obstructive airways disease: performing a reversibility test is one method of diagnosis.
Equipment
- Measure for height
- Charts of predicted peak flow values
- Peak flow meter
- Inhaler device
- Leaflets
- Peak flow calculator
Aims
- To understand the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of asthma.
- To be able to carry out a reversibility test for asthma and discuss results with patient.
- To understand the causes of shortness of breath/wheeze.
- If asthmatic, to educate the patient and implement treatment and devise management plan and follow up, or refer on.
Procedure
- Welcome and check identity of patient.
- Check source of referral (if self, will need examination first including chest examination if competent)
- Explain procedure and gain informed consent
- Take initial Peak Flow (PEF) measurement - best of 3 good blows. Give salbutamol through appropriate device.
- Take history of presenting complaint and attributes.
- History of associated features - allergies, drugs, eczema etc.
- Family history of asthma and allergies
- Lifestyle - smoking, pets, environmental factors.
- Take height, note age and calculate predicted PEF value.
- Discuss health issues - smoking, environmental factors etc
- If 15 - 20 mins since salbutamol, take 2nd PEF measurement
- Calculate percentage reversibility - Difference between 1st & 2nd PEF X 100 1st PEF measurement
- If less than 15%, consider other causes eg URTI; COPD; cardiac; anaemia; cystic fibrosis; TB; malignancy etc.
- Consider exercise test, home monitoring or referral.
- If asthma (15% or more reversibility) outline management plan, commence treatment and follow up in 3-4 weeks time to check effectiveness of Rx, inhaler technique, education, self management plan, management of acute exacerbation.
- Update computer.
References
- Pearson, R Asthma Care in General Practice
- Pearson, R Barnes, G (1989) Tests of Lung Function Practice Nurse Dec 1989 p315-318
- MacDougall Davis, M (1994) Taking Control of Asthma Practice Nurse 1-31 January 1994 p 42-44
- Sergent, E (1998) Is it Asthma or just a wheeze? Practice Nurse 16:5 p271-274